e8vk
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 8-K
CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): September 16, 2008
Progress Software Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)
Commission file number: 0-19417
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Massachusetts
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04-2746201 |
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation)
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(I.R.S. employer
identification no.) |
14 Oak Park
Bedford, Massachusetts 01730
(Address of principal executive offices, including zip code)
(781) 280-4000
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the
filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions:
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Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425) |
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Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12) |
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Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b)) |
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Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c)) |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Item 5.02 Departure of Directors or Certain Officers; Election of Directors;
Appointment of Certain Officers; Compensatory Arrangements of Certain Officers
On September 16, 2008, Richard D. Reidy, Executive Vice President of
Progress Software Corporation (the Company), was appointed Chief Operating Officer
of the Company, effective immediately. As Chief Operating Officer, Mr. Reidy is now responsible for product
development, marketing, sales, support and services for all of the
Companys product lines. Mr. Reidy, age 48, joined the Company in 1985. Mr. Reidy
was appointed Vice President, Development Tools in 1996; Vice President, Product
Development in 1997; Vice President, Products in 1999; Senior Vice President, Products
and Corporate Development in 2000; President, DataDirect Technologies in 2004; and
Executive Vice President in December 2007. Joseph W. Alsop, Chief Executive Officer
of the Company, previously performed the functions of principal operating officer of
the Company.
There are no family relationships between Mr. Reidy and any of our directors or
executive officers, nor are we aware, after inquiry of Mr. Reidy, of any
related-person transaction or series of transactions required to be disclosed under
the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Item 5.03 Amendments to Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; Change in Fiscal Year
On September 16, 2008, the Board of Directors of the Company amended and restated the
Companys bylaws, effective immediately. This report contains a summary of the
revisions made to the bylaws. The descriptions of the provisions of the amended and
restated bylaws are qualified in their entirety by reference to the amended and
restated bylaws, a copy of which is filed as Exhibit 3.1 to this Current Report on
Form 8-K.
Many of the amendments were made to conform the language of the bylaws to that used in
the Massachusetts Business Corporation Act (the MBCA), as several of the provisions
reflected language from the former Massachusetts Business Corporation Law (the
MBCL). Bylaw provisions frequently replicate statutory provisions; accordingly, in
many cases, the bylaws were modified to reflect language differences between the MBCA
and the MBCL. For some provisions, the amended and restated bylaws have not been
revised to conform with the language used in the MBCA; instead, language contained in
the superseded bylaws has been deleted because repeating the statutory provisions was
not deemed useful.
Changes include the following:
Meetings of Shareholders
The bylaws have been amended to provide: (i) increased flexibility to the board of
directors, Chairman of the Board and President of the Company in fixing the date, time
and place of the annual meeting of shareholders; (ii) that a special meeting in lieu
of an annual meeting may be called if no annual meeting is called within 13 months of
the last annual meeting; and (iii) that in the case of any special meeting called upon
the written demand of shareholders, such meeting shall be scheduled not less than 60
days nor more than 90 days after the date on which the Secretary has received
sufficient demands to require that such meeting be called and notice of such meeting
shall be given within 30 days after receipt of such demands.
The bylaws have been amended to provide that, if the Company has a class of voting
stock registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, special meetings of
shareholders will be called by the Secretary upon written application of shareholders
who hold at least (i) 80% in interest of the capital stock of the Company entitled to
vote at such meeting, or (ii) such lesser percentage, if any, (but not less than 40%)
as shall be determined to be the maximum percentage permitted by applicable law. The
prior bylaw provided for the call of a special meeting upon the written application of
shareholders who held at least 40% in interest of the capital stock entitled to vote.
The bylaws have been amended to provided that only business within the purposes
described in the notice to shareholders may be conducted at a special meeting.
The MBCA revised the requirements regarding a corporations obligation to notify its
shareholders of an upcoming meeting. The MBCL required that notice be delivered to
shareholders at least seven days prior to the date of the meeting. The MBCA requires
that notice be given no fewer than seven days nor more than 60 days prior to the date
of the meeting. The amended and restated bylaws conform with the timing provisions of
the MBCA.
The bylaws have been amended to provide: (i) that whenever notice of a meeting is
required to be given to a shareholder under applicable law, the articles of
organization or the bylaws, such notice can be waived by certain
actions of a shareholder; and (ii) that, in addition to traditional delivery methods, notice of a
shareholder meeting may be delivered to a shareholder by electronic transmission in a
manner specified to the Company by the shareholder.
The bylaws have been amended to provide discretion to the presiding officer with
respect to the adjournment of shareholder meetings and greater specificity regarding
the grounds for adjournment of a shareholder meeting.
The bylaws have been amended to provide: (i) for the position of inspector of
elections and more detailed voting procedures; (ii) that, unless otherwise provided in
the articles of organization and subject to the guidelines and procedures adopted by
the board of directors, shareholders and proxyholders may participate in shareholder
meetings by means of remote communications if such remote communications are used by
the Company in the future; (iii) recognition of the validity of an appointment of a
proxy up to 11 months prior to the vote (as opposed to six months as set forth in the
prior bylaw); and (iv) for the delivery of a proxy by electronic means.
The MBCA uses the concept of voting groups. A voting group consists of all shares of
one or more classes or series of capital stock that are entitled to vote and to be
counted together collectively on a matter at a meeting of shareholders. The amended
bylaws incorporate the concept of voting groups in the provisions dealing with
establishing quorums, determining whether matters presented to the shareholders have
been approved, and providing shareholder lists. When a quorum is present, a director
is elected by a plurality of votes properly cast for election of that director, while
all other matters are considered approved when votes properly cast in favor of the
matter exceed the votes properly cast in opposition to the matter, in each case,
except when a different vote is required by law, the articles of organization, or the
bylaws, or when the board of directors requires a larger aggregate number of
affirmative votes.
Shareholder Proposals and Nominations
The bylaws have been amended to provide that, for director nominations or other
business to be properly brought before an annual meeting by a shareholder (beginning
with the 2009 annual meeting of shareholders), in addition to other applicable
requirements, the shareholder must deliver notice to the Secretary of the Company at
its principal executive offices not later than the close of business on the
90th day nor earlier than the close of business on the 120th day
prior to the first anniversary of the preceding years annual meeting. However, in
the event that the date of the annual meeting is advanced by more than 30 days before
or delayed by more than 60 days after such anniversary date, such notice must be
delivered not earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to
such annual meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the
90th day prior to such annual meeting or the 10th day following
the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made.
The prior bylaw provided that any shareholder intending to present any proposal at an
annual meeting, had to give written notice of such proposal to the Secretary not less
than 60 days nor more than 90 days prior to the date of the scheduled annual meeting.
The amended and restated bylaws also: (i) eliminate the meeting notice as a means to
properly bring business before an annual meeting of shareholders; (ii) further clarify
that the advance notice bylaw provisions apply to all shareholder proposals and
nominations; (iii) require shareholders who provide advance notice of proposals or
nominations to disclose additional information as part of such notice, including,
among other things, information as to whether the shareholder has entered into any
hedging, derivative or other transactions with respect to the Companys securities;
and (iv) specifically require attendance by the shareholder (or qualified
representative of the shareholder) at the annual meeting to present the nomination or
proposed business.
Directors and Officers
The amendments to the bylaws replace references to the Clerk (as was required under
the MBCL) with references to the Secretary (which is required under the MBCA).
The bylaws have been amended to provide: (i) that the number of directors will be
fixed solely and exclusively by resolution adopted from time to time by the board of
directors; (ii) except as otherwise required by law, any vacancy on the board, however
occurring, will be filled by a majority of directors then in office, not by the
shareholders; (iii) notice to directors, as well as action by written consent of the
directors, by electronic transmission; and (iv) the appointment of other officers by
officers appointed by the board, if authorized by the board.
Capital Stock
The bylaws have been amended to provide specifically that: (i) the directors may
authorize the issuance of uncertificated securities; and (ii) the Company is entitled
to recognize the record owner of shares as the legal owner for notice, dividend
payment and other legal purposes, unless the board of directors has established a
process for recognizing the beneficial owners for such purposes. The amended and
restated bylaws also provide greater discretion to the board of directors with respect
to determinations regarding consideration for the issuance of shares.
The provision in the bylaws regarding fixing a record date has been amended so that
such date can be no more than 70 days (as opposed to 60 days in the prior bylaw)
preceding the date on which a particular action is to occur, as contemplated by the
MBCA. The amended and restated bylaws also require a new record date to be set if
such meeting is adjourned to a date that is more than 120 days after the date fixed
for the original meeting.
Item 9.01 Financial Statements and Exhibits
(d) Exhibits
3.1 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Progress Software Corporation, adopted and
effective as of September 16, 2008
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused
this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.
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Date: September 22, 2008 |
Progress Software Corporation
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By: |
/s/ Norman R. Robertson
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Norman R. Robertson |
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Senior Vice President,
Finance and Administration
and Chief Financial
Officer |
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exv3w1
Exhibit 3.1
AMENDED AND RESTATED
BYLAWS
of
PROGRESS SOFTWARE CORPORATION
ARTICLE I ARTICLES OF ORGANIZATION
The name and purposes of the Corporation shall be as set forth in the Articles of
Organization. These Bylaws, the powers of the Corporation and its Directors and Shareholders, and
all matters concerning the conduct and regulation of the business of the Corporation, shall be
subject to such provisions in regard thereto, if any, as are set forth in the Articles of
Organization. All references in these Bylaws to the Articles of Organization shall be construed to
mean the Articles of Organization of the Corporation as from time to time amended or restated.
ARTICLE II FISCAL YEAR
Except as from time to time otherwise determined by the Directors, the fiscal year of the
Corporation shall in each year end on the date specified in the Articles of Organization.
ARTICLE III MEETINGS OF SHAREHOLDERS
Section 3.1 Annual Meetings.
The annual meeting of Shareholders shall be held each year on the date and at the time and
place within or without the United States as shall be fixed by the Board of Directors or the
Chairman of the Board of Directors or the President. The purposes for which the annual meeting is
to be held, in addition to those prescribed by law, by the Articles of Organization or by these
Bylaws, may be specified by the Board of Directors or the Chairman of the Board of Directors or the
President and shall be specified in the notice of the meeting. In the event the time for an annual
meeting is not fixed in accordance with these Bylaws to be held within 13 months after the last
annual meeting was held, the Board of Directors may designate a special meeting held thereafter as
a special meeting in lieu of the annual meeting, and such special meeting shall have, for purposes
of these Bylaws or otherwise, all the force and effect of an annual meeting. Any and all
references hereafter in these Bylaws to an annual meeting or annual meetings shall be deemed to
refer also to any special meeting(s) in lieu thereof.
Section 3.2 Special Meetings.
(a) Subject to the rights of the holders of any class or series of preferred stock of the
Corporation, special meetings of the Shareholders entitled to vote may be called by the Board of
Directors or the Chairman of the Board of Directors or the President.
(b) If the Corporation shall not have a class of voting stock registered under the Securities
Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act), special meetings of the Shareholders
entitled to vote shall be called by the Secretary, or in case of the death, absence, incapacity or
refusal of the Secretary, by any other officer, upon written application of the
holders of at least ten percent (10%) of all the votes entitled to be cast on any issue to be
considered at the proposed meeting.
(c) If the Corporation shall have a class of voting stock registered under the Exchange Act,
special meetings of the Shareholders entitled to vote shall be called by the Secretary, or in case
of the death, absence, incapacity or refusal of the Secretary, by any other officer, upon written
application of one or more Shareholders who hold at least (i) eighty percent (80%) in interest of
the capital stock of the Corporation entitled to vote at such meeting, or (ii) such lesser
percentage, if any, (but not less than forty percent (40%)) as shall be determined to be the
maximum percentage which the Corporation is permitted by applicable law to establish for the call
of such meeting.
(d) Only business within the purpose or purposes described in the meeting notice may be
conducted at a special meeting.
Section 3.3 Place of Meetings.
All meetings of the Shareholders shall be held at the principal office of the Corporation in
Massachusetts, unless a different place within Massachusetts or, if permitted by the Articles of
Organization, elsewhere within the United States as is designated by the President or by a majority
of the Directors acting by resolution or by written instrument or instruments signed by them. Any
adjourned session of any meeting of the Shareholders shall be held at such place within
Massachusetts or, if permitted by the Articles of Organization, elsewhere within the United States
as is designated in the vote of adjournment.
Section 3.4 Notice of Meetings.
A written notice of the place, date and hour of all meetings of Shareholders (other than
adjournments governed by Section 3.6 of this Article III) stating the purposes of the meeting shall
be given at least seven days and not more than 60 days before the meeting to each Shareholder
entitled to vote thereat and to each Shareholder who is otherwise entitled by law, the Articles of
Organization or these Bylaws to such notice. Notice may be given to a Shareholder by any means
permitted under applicable law, including, without limitation, by leaving such notice with him or
at his residence or usual place of business, or by mailing it, postage prepaid, and addressed to
such Shareholder at his address as it appears in the records of the Corporation. Such notice shall
be given by the Secretary, or in case of the death, absence, incapacity, or refusal of the
Secretary, by any other officer or by a person designated either by the Secretary, by the person or
persons calling the meeting or by the Board of Directors. If notice is given by mail, such notice
shall be deemed given when dispatched. If notice is not given by mail and is given by leaving such
notice at the Shareholders residence or usual place of business, it shall be deemed given when so
left. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, notice may be given to a Shareholder by
electronic transmission in a manner specified by the Shareholder, including, without limitation, by
facsimile transmission, electronic mail or posting on an electronic network. Notwithstanding the
foregoing, in case of any special meeting called upon the written demands of Shareholders, such
meeting shall be scheduled not less than 60 nor more than 90 days after the date on which the
Secretary has received sufficient demands to require that
such meeting be called and written notice thereof shall be given in accordance with this
Section 3.4 within 30 days of receipt of such demands.
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Notice of an annual or special meeting of Shareholders need not be given to a Shareholder if a
written waiver of notice is signed before or after such meeting by such Shareholder or such
Shareholders authorized attorney, if communication with such Shareholder is unlawful, or if such
Shareholder attends such meeting unless (i) the Shareholder at the beginning of the meeting objects
to holding the meeting or transacting business at the meeting or (ii) the Shareholder objects to
the consideration of a particular matter at the meeting as not within the purpose or purposes
described in the meeting notice when the matter is presented. Neither the business to be
transacted at, nor the purpose of, any annual meeting or special meeting of Shareholders need be
specified in any written waiver of notice.
Section 3.5 Notice of Shareholder Business and Nominations.
(a) Annual Meetings of Shareholders.
(i) Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors of the
Corporation and the proposal of other business to be considered by the Shareholders
may be made at an annual meeting of Shareholders (A) by or at the direction of the
Board of Directors or (B) by any Shareholder of the Corporation who was a
Shareholder of record at the time of giving of notice provided for in this Bylaw,
who is entitled to vote at the meeting, who is present at the meeting and who
complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Bylaw as to such nomination or
business. For the avoidance of doubt, for a Shareholder to bring nominations or
business before an annual meeting of Shareholders (other than matters properly
brought under Rule 14a-8 (or any successor rule) under the Exchange Act), such
Shareholder must comply with the procedures set forth in this Section 3.5 and this
shall be the exclusive means for a Shareholder to bring such nominations or business
properly before an annual meeting of Shareholders. In addition to the other
requirements set forth in this Bylaw, for any proposal of business to be considered
at an annual meeting, such proposal must be a proper subject for action by
Shareholders of the Corporation under Massachusetts law.
(ii) For nominations or other business to be properly brought before an annual
meeting of Shareholders by a Shareholder pursuant to clause (B) of paragraph (a)(i)
of this Bylaw, in addition to other applicable requirements, the Shareholder must
(1) have given Timely Notice (as defined below) thereof in writing to the Secretary
of the Corporation and (2) have provided any updates or supplements to such notice
at the times and in the forms required by this Bylaw. To be timely, a Shareholders
notice under this paragraph (a)(ii) shall be delivered to the Secretary at the
principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the close of business
on the 90th day nor earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to the
first anniversary of the preceding years annual meeting; provided, however, that in
the event that the date of the annual meeting is advanced by more than 30 days
before or delayed by more than 60 days after such anniversary date, notice by the
Shareholder to be timely must be so delivered not
earlier than the close of business on the 120th day prior to such annual
meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the 90th day prior
to such annual meeting or the 10th day following the day on which public
announcement of the date of such meeting is first made (such notice within such time
periods shall be referred to as Timely Notice). Such Shareholders Timely Notice
shall set forth:
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(A) as to each person whom the Shareholder proposes to nominate for
election or reelection as a Director, all information relating to such
person that is required to be disclosed in solicitations of proxies for
election of Directors in an election contest, or is otherwise required, in
each case pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Exchange Act (including such
persons written consent to being named in the proxy statement as a nominee
and to serving as a Director if elected);
(B) as to any other business that the Shareholder proposes to bring
before the meeting, a brief description of the business desired to be
brought before the meeting, the reasons for conducting such business at the
meeting, any material interest in such business of such Shareholder and the
beneficial owner(s), if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made, and the
names and addresses of other Shareholders (including beneficial owners)
known by the Shareholder proposing such business to support such proposal,
and the class and number of shares of the Corporations capital stock
beneficially owned by such other Shareholder(s) or other beneficial
owner(s); and
(C) as to the Shareholder giving the notice and the beneficial
owner(s), if any, on whose behalf the nomination or proposal is made: (i)
the name and address of such Shareholder, as they appear on the
Corporations books, and of such beneficial owner(s); (ii) (a) the class or
series and number of shares of the Corporation which are, directly or
indirectly, owned beneficially and of record by such Shareholder and any
such beneficial owner(s), (b) any derivative, swap or other transaction or
series of transactions engaged in, directly or indirectly, by such
Shareholder and/or any such beneficial owner(s) the purpose or effect of
which is to give such Shareholder and/or any such beneficial owner(s)
economic benefit and/or risk similar to ownership of shares of any class or
series of the Corporation, in whole or in part, including due to the fact
that such derivative, swap or other transaction provides, directly or
indirectly, the opportunity to profit or avoid a loss from any increase or
decrease in the value of shares of any class or series of the Corporation
(Synthetic Equity Interests) and such disclosure shall identify the
counterparty to each such Synthetic Equity Interest and shall include, for
each such Synthetic Equity Interest, whether or not (x) such Synthetic
Equity Interest conveys any voting rights, directly or indirectly, in such shares to such Shareholder and/or any such beneficial owner(s), (y) such
Synthetic Equity Interest is required to be, or is capable of being, settled
through
delivery of such shares and (z) such Shareholder, any such beneficial
owner(s) and/or, to their knowledge, the counterparty to such Synthetic
Equity Interest has entered into other transactions that hedge or mitigate
the economic effect of such Synthetic Equity Interest, (c) any proxy (other
than a revocable proxy given in response to a public proxy solicitation made
pursuant to, and in accordance with, the Exchange Act), agreement,
arrangement, understanding or relationship pursuant to which such
Shareholder and/or any such beneficial owner(s) has or shares a right to
vote any shares of any class or series of the Corporation, (d) any
agreement, arrangement, understanding or relationship (which disclosure
shall identify the counterparty thereto), including any hedge, repurchase or
similar so-called stock borrowing agreement or arrangement, engaged in,
directly or indirectly, by such Shareholder and/or any such beneficial
owner(s), the purpose or effect of which is to mitigate loss to, reduce the
economic risk of shares of any class or series of the Corporation by, manage
the risk of share price changes for, or increase or decrease the voting
power of, such Shareholder and/or any such beneficial owner(s) with respect
to the shares of any class or series of the Corporation, or which provides,
directly or indirectly, the opportunity to profit from any decrease in the
value of the shares of any class or series of the Corporation (Short
Interests), (e) any rights to dividends or other distributions on the shares of any class or series of the Corporation owned beneficially by such
Shareholder and/or any such beneficial owner(s) that are separated or
separable from the underlying shares of the Corporation, (f) any
performance-related fees (other than an asset based fee) that such
Shareholder and/or any such beneficial owner(s) is entitled to based on any
increase or decrease in the value of shares of any class or series of the
Corporation, any Synthetic Equity Interests or Short Interests, if any (the
disclosures to be made pursuant to the foregoing clauses (a) through (f) are
referred to as Material Ownership Interests); and (iii) a description of
all arrangements or understanding among such Shareholder and/or any such
beneficial owner(s) and each proposed nominee and any other person or
persons (including their names) pursuant to which the nominations are to be
made.
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(iii) A Shareholder providing Timely Notice of nominations or business proposed
to be brought before an annual meeting of Shareholders shall further update and
supplement such notice, if necessary, so that the information (including, without
limitation, the Material Ownership Interests information) provided or required to be
provided in such notice pursuant to this Bylaw shall be true and correct as of the
record date for the meeting and as of the date that is 10 business days prior to
such annual meeting, and such update and supplement shall be delivered to the
Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not later than the
close of business on the 5th business day after the record date for the meeting (in
the case of the update and supplement required to be made as of the record date),
and not later than the close of business on the 8th business day
prior to the date for the meeting (in the case of the update and supplement
required to be made as of 10 business days prior to the meeting).
(iv) Notwithstanding anything in the second sentence of paragraph (a)(ii) of
this Bylaw to the contrary, in the event that the number of Directors to be elected
to the Board of Directors of the Corporation is increased and there is no public
announcement naming all of the nominees for Director or specifying the size of the
increased Board of Directors made by the Corporation at least 85 days prior to the
first anniversary of the preceding years annual meeting, a Shareholders notice
required by this paragraph (a) shall also be considered timely, but only with
respect to nominees for any new positions created by such increase, if it shall be
delivered to the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not
later than the close of business on the 10th day following the day on which such
public announcement is first made by the Corporation.
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(b) General.
(i) Only such persons who are nominated in accordance with the provisions of
this Bylaw shall be eligible for election and to serve as Directors and only such
business shall be conducted at an annual meeting of Shareholders as shall have been
brought before the meeting in accordance with the provisions of this Bylaw. The
Board of Directors or a designated committee thereof shall have the power to
determine whether a nomination or any business proposed to be brought before the
meeting was made in accordance with the provisions of this Bylaw. If neither the
Board of Directors nor such designated committee makes a determination as to whether
any Shareholder proposal or nomination was made in accordance with the provisions of
this Bylaw, the presiding officer of the annual meeting shall have the power and
duty to determine whether the Shareholder proposal or nomination was made in
accordance with the provisions of this Bylaw. If the Board of Directors or a
designated committee thereof or the presiding officer, as applicable, determines
that any Shareholder proposal or nomination was not made in accordance with the
provisions of this Bylaw, such proposal or nomination shall be disregarded and shall
not be presented for action at the annual meeting.
(ii) Except as otherwise required by law, nothing contained in this Section 3.5
shall obligate the Corporation or the Board of Directors to include in any proxy
statement or other shareholder communication distributed on behalf of the
Corporation or the Board of Directors information with respect to any nominee for
Director submitted by a Shareholder.
(iii) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 3.5, if the
Shareholder (or a qualified representative of the Shareholder) does not appear at
the annual meeting to present a nomination or any business, such nomination or
business shall be disregarded, notwithstanding the proxies in respect of such vote
may have been received by the Corporation. For purposes of this paragraph (iii), to
be considered a qualified representative of the Shareholder, a person must be
authorized by a written instrument executed by such Shareholder or an
electronic transmission delivered by such Shareholder to act for such Shareholder as
proxy at the meeting of Shareholders and such person must produce such written
instrument or electronic transmission, or a reliable reproduction of the written
instrument or electronic transmission, at the meeting of Shareholders.
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(iv) For purposes of this Bylaw, public announcement shall mean disclosure in
a press release reported by the Dow Jones News Service, Associated Press or
comparable national news service or in a document publicly filed by the Corporation
with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13, 14 or 15(d) of
the Exchange Act.
(v) Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Bylaw, a Shareholder shall
also comply with all applicable requirements of the Exchange Act and the rules and
regulations thereunder with respect to the matters set forth in this Bylaw. Nothing
in this Bylaw shall be deemed to affect any rights of (i) Shareholders to have
proposals included in the Corporations proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 (or
any successor rule) under the Exchange Act and, to the extent required by such rule,
have such proposals considered and voted on at an annual meeting of Shareholders or
(ii) the holders of any series of undesignated preferred stock to elect Directors
under specified circumstances.
Section 3.6 Rescheduling of Meetings; Adjournments.
Notwithstanding any other provision in these Bylaws, the Board of Directors may change the
date, time and location of any annual or special meeting of the Shareholders (other than a special
meeting called upon the written application of Shareholders (a Meeting Requested by
Shareholders)), and a record date with respect thereto, prior to the time for such meeting,
including, without limitation, by postponing or deferring the date of any such annual or special
meeting (other than a Meeting Requested by Shareholders) previously called or by canceling any
special meeting previously called (other than a Meeting Requested by Shareholders). This action
may be taken regardless of whether any notice or public disclosure with respect to any such meeting
or record date has been sent or made pursuant to Section 3.4 of this Article III hereof or
otherwise. In no event shall the public announcement of an adjournment, postponement or
rescheduling of any previously scheduled annual meeting of Shareholders commence a new time period
for the giving of a Shareholders notice under Section 3.5 of Article III of these Bylaws.
When any meeting is convened, the presiding officer may adjourn the meeting if (a) no quorum
is present for the transaction of business, (b) the Board of Directors determines that adjournment
is necessary or appropriate to enable the Shareholders to consider fully information which the
Board of Directors determines has not been made sufficiently or timely available to Shareholders,
or (c) the Board of Directors determines in its sole discretion that adjournment is otherwise in
the best interests of the Corporation. When any annual meeting or special meeting of Shareholders
is adjourned to another date, time or place, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting
other than an announcement at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken of the date, time and
place to which the meeting is adjourned; provided, however, that if a new
record date for the adjourned meeting is fixed, notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given
under this Article III to persons who are Shareholders as of the new record date.
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A meeting may be adjourned from time to time by a majority of the votes properly cast upon the
question, whether or not a quorum is present. Any business which could have been transacted at any
meeting of the Shareholders as originally called may be transacted at any adjournment thereof.
Section 3.7 Quorum.
(a) Unless otherwise provided by law, or in the Articles of Organization, these Bylaws or a
resolution of the Directors requiring satisfaction of a greater quorum requirement for any voting
group, a majority of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter by a voting group constitutes a
quorum of that voting group for action on that matter. As used in these Bylaws, a voting group
includes all shares of one or more classes or series that, under the Articles of Organization or
the Massachusetts Business Corporation Act, as in effect from time to time (or any successor
statute) (the MBCA), are entitled to vote and to be counted together collectively on a matter at
a meeting of Shareholders. Shares owned by the Corporation in a fiduciary capacity shall be deemed
outstanding for quorum purposes.
(b) Both abstentions and broker non-votes are to be counted as present for the purpose of
determining the existence of a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting. A share once
represented for any purpose at the meeting is deemed present for quorum purposes for the remainder
of the meeting and for any adjournment of that meeting unless (i) the Shareholder attends solely to
object to lack of notice, defective notice or the conduct of the meeting on other grounds and does
not vote the shares or otherwise consent that they are to be deemed present, or (ii) in the case of
adjournment, a new record date is or shall be set for the adjournment meeting.
Section 3.8 Voting and Proxies.
Both abstentions and broker non-votes are to be counted as present for the purpose of
determining the existence of a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting. However, for
purposes of determining the number of shares voting on a particular proposal, abstentions and
broker non-votes are not to be counted as votes cast or shares voting. Unless otherwise provided
by law or by the Articles of Organization, each Shareholder shall have, with respect to each matter
voted upon at a meeting of Shareholders, one vote for each share of stock entitled to vote owned by
such Shareholder of record according to the books of the Corporation. A Shareholder may vote his
or her shares either in person or may appoint a proxy to vote or otherwise act for him or her by
signing an appointment form, either personally or by his or her attorney-in-fact. An appointment
of a proxy is effective when received by the Secretary or other officer or agent authorized to
tabulate votes. Unless otherwise provided in the appointment form, an appointment is valid for a
period of 11 months from the date the Shareholder signed the form or, if undated, from the date of
its receipt by such officer or agent. Any Shareholders proxy may be transmitted by facsimile or
other electronic means in a manner complying with applicable law. Except as otherwise permitted by
law or limited therein, proxies shall entitle the persons authorized thereby to vote at any
adjournment of such meeting but shall not be valid after final
adjournment of such meeting. A proxy with respect to stock held in the name of two or more
persons shall be valid if executed by one of them if the person signing appears to be acting on
behalf of all the co-owners unless at or prior to exercise of the proxy, the Corporation receives a
specific written notice to the contrary from any one of them. Subject to the provisions of Section
7.24 of the MBCA (or any successor provision thereof) and to any express limitation on the proxys
authority provided in the appointment form, the Corporation is entitled to accept the proxys vote
or other action as that of the Shareholder making the appointment. A proxy purporting to be
executed by or on behalf of a Shareholder shall be deemed valid unless challenged at or prior to
its exercise and the burden of proving invalidity shall rest on the challenger.
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Unless otherwise provided in the Articles of Organization, if authorized by the Board of
Directors, subject to such guidelines and procedures as the Board of Directors may adopt,
Shareholders and proxyholders not physically present at a meeting of Shareholders may, by means of
remote communications: (i) participate in a meeting of Shareholders; and (ii) be deemed present in
person and vote at a meeting of Shareholders, provided that: (a) the Corporation shall implement
reasonable measures to verify that each person deemed present and permitted to vote at the meeting
by means of remote communication is a Shareholder or proxyholder; (b) the Corporation shall
implement reasonable measures to provide such Shareholders and proxyholders a reasonable
opportunity to participate in the meeting and to vote on matters submitted to the Shareholders,
including an opportunity to read or hear the proceedings of the meeting substantially concurrently
with such proceedings; and (c) if any Shareholder or proxyholder votes or takes other action at the
meeting by means of remote communication, a record of such vote or other action shall be maintained
by the Corporation.
Section 3.9 Action at Meeting. If a quorum of a voting group exists, favorable action
on a matter, other than election of Directors, is taken by a voting group if the votes cast within
the group favoring the action exceed the votes cast opposing the action, unless a greater number of
affirmative votes is required by the MBCA, the Articles of Organization, these Bylaws or a
resolution of the Board of Directors requiring receipt of a greater affirmative vote of the
Shareholders, including one or more separate voting groups. Unless otherwise provided in the
Articles of Organization or these Bylaws, Directors are elected by a plurality of the votes cast by
the shares entitled to vote in the election at a meeting at which a quorum is present. No ballot
shall be required for any election unless requested by a Shareholder present or represented at the
meeting and entitled to vote in the election. Absent special circumstances, shares of the
Corporations stock are not entitled to vote if they are owned, directly or indirectly, by the
Corporation or by another entity of which the Corporation owns, directly or indirectly, a majority
of the voting interests. Notwithstanding the preceding sentence, however, the Corporation may vote
any share of stock held by it, directly or indirectly, in a fiduciary capacity.
Section 3.10 Action without Meeting. Any action required or permitted to be taken at
any annual or special meeting of Shareholders (including any actions or powers reserved to the
Shareholders under these Bylaws) may be taken without a meeting, provided that all Shareholders
entitled to vote on the matter consent to the action in writing and the written consents describe
the action taken, are signed by all such Shareholders, bear the date of the signatures of such
Shareholders, and are delivered to the Corporation for inclusion with the records of the meetings
of Shareholders within 60 days of the earliest dated consent required to
be delivered under this Section. Such consents shall be treated for all purposes as a vote at
a meeting.
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Section 3.11 Form of Shareholder Action.
(a) Any vote, consent, waiver, proxy appointment or other action by a Shareholder or by the
proxy or other agent of any Shareholder shall be considered given in writing, dated and signed, if,
in lieu of any other means permitted by law, it consists of an electronic transmission that is
permitted under applicable law, including, without limitation, an electronic transmission that sets
forth or is delivered with information from which the Corporation can determine (i) that the
electronic transmission was transmitted by the Shareholder, proxy or agent or by a person
authorized to act for the Shareholder, proxy or agent and (ii) the date on which such Shareholder,
proxy, agent or authorized person transmitted the electronic transmission. The date on which the
electronic transmission is transmitted shall be considered to be the date on which it was signed.
The electronic transmission shall be considered received by the Corporation if it has been sent to
any address specified by the Corporation for the purpose or, if no address has been specified, to
the principal office of the Corporation, addressed to the Secretary or other officer or agent
having custody of the records of proceedings of Shareholders, or is otherwise received by the
Corporation in a manner permitted by applicable law.
(b) Any copy, facsimile or other reliable reproduction of a vote, consent, waiver, proxy
appointment or other action by a Shareholder or by the proxy or other agent of any Shareholder may
be substituted or used in lieu of the original writing for any purpose for which the original
writing could be used, but the copy, facsimile or other reproduction shall be a complete
reproduction of the entire original writing.
Section 3.12 Shareholders List for Meeting.
(a) After fixing a record date for a meeting of Shareholders, the Corporation shall prepare an
alphabetical list of the names of all its Shareholders who are entitled to notice of the meeting.
The list shall be arranged by voting group, and within each voting group by class or series of
shares, and shall show the address of and number of shares held by each Shareholder, but need not
include an electronic mail address or other electronic contact information for any Shareholder.
(b) The Shareholders list shall be available for inspection by any Shareholder, beginning two
business days after notice is given of the meeting for which the list was prepared and continuing
through the meeting: (1) at the Corporations principal office or at a place identified in the
meeting notice in the city where the meeting will be held; or (2) on a reasonably accessible
electronic network, provided that the information required to gain access to such list is provided
with the notice of the meeting.
(c) The Corporation shall make the Shareholders list available at the meeting, and any
Shareholder or his or her agent or attorney is entitled to inspect the list at any time during the
meeting or any adjournment.
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Section 3.13 Conduct of Business.
The Chairman of the Board of Directors or his designee, or, if there is no Chairman of the
Board or such designee, then the President or his designee, or, if the office of President shall be
vacant, then a person appointed by a majority of the Board of Directors, shall preside at any
meeting of Shareholders as the chairman of the meeting. In addition to his powers pursuant to
Section 3.5(b)(i), the person presiding at any meeting of Shareholders shall determine the order of
business and the procedures at the meeting, including such regulation of the manner of voting and
the conduct of discussion as seem to him in order.
Section 3.14 Voting Procedures and Inspectors of Elections. In advance of any meeting
of Shareholders, the Board of Directors may appoint one or more inspectors to act at an annual or
special meeting of Shareholders and make a written report thereon. Any inspector may, but need
not, be an officer, employee or agent of the Corporation. Each inspector, before entering upon the
discharge of his or her duties, shall take and sign an oath faithfully to execute the duties of
inspector with strict impartiality and according to the best of his or her ability. The
inspector(s) shall (i) ascertain the number of shares outstanding and the voting power of each,
(ii) determine the shares represented at a meeting and the validity of proxies and ballots,
(iii) count all votes and ballots, (iv) determine and retain for a reasonable period a record of
the disposition of any challenges made to any determination by the inspectors, and (v) certify
their determination of the number of shares represented at the meeting, and their count of all
votes and ballots. The inspector(s) may appoint or retain other persons or entities to assist the
inspector(s) in the performance of their duties. The presiding officer may review all
determinations made by the inspector(s), and in so doing the presiding officer shall be entitled to
exercise his or her sole judgment and discretion and he or she shall not be bound by any
determinations made by the inspector(s). All determinations by the inspector(s) and, if
applicable, presiding officer, shall be subject to further review by the Board of Directors and any
court of competent jurisdiction.
ARTICLE IV DIRECTORS
Section 4.1 Powers.
The business of the Corporation shall be managed by a Board of Directors who shall have and
may exercise (or grant authority to be exercised) all the powers of the Corporation except as
otherwise reserved to the Shareholders by law, by the Articles of Organization or by these Bylaws.
Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Board of Directors shall have the power,
unless otherwise provided by law, to purchase and to lease, pledge, mortgage and sell all property
of the Corporation (including to issue or sell the authorized but unissued stock of the Corporation
and to determine, subject to applicable requirements of law, the consideration for which stock is
to be issued and the manner of allocating such consideration between capital and surplus) and to
make such contracts and agreements as they deem advantageous, to fix the price to be paid for or in
connection with any property or rights purchased, sold, or otherwise dealt with by the Corporation,
to borrow money, issue bonds, notes and other obligations of the Corporation, and to secure payment
thereof by mortgage or pledge of all or any part of the property of the Corporation. The Board of
Directors may determine the compensation of
Directors. The Board of Directors or such officer or committee as the Board of Directors may
designate, may determine the compensation and duties, in addition to those prescribed by these
Bylaws, of all officers, agents and employees of the Corporation.
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Section 4.2 Enumeration, Election and Term of Office.
The number of Directors of the Corporation shall be fixed solely and exclusively by resolution
duly adopted from time to time by the Board of Directors. The Directors shall hold office in the
manner provided in the Articles of Organization. No Director need be a Shareholder of the
Corporation or a resident of The Commonwealth of Massachusetts.
Section 4.3 Vacancies. The Board of Directors may act notwithstanding a vacancy or
vacancies in its membership. Except as otherwise required by applicable law, any and all vacancies
in the Board of Directors, however occurring including, without limitation, by reason of an
increase in size of the Board of Directors, or the death, resignation, disqualification or removal
of a Director, shall be filled solely and exclusively by the affirmative vote of a majority of the
remaining Directors then in office, even though less than a quorum. A vacancy that will occur at a
specific later date may be filled before the vacancy occurs but the new Director may not take
office until the vacancy occurs.
Section 4.4 Regular Meetings.
Regular meetings of the Board of Directors may be held at such times and places within or
without the Commonwealth of Massachusetts as the Board of Directors may fix from time to time and,
when so fixed, no notice thereof need by given, provided that any Director who is absent when such
times and places are fixed shall be given notice of the fixing of such times and places. The first
meeting of the Board of Directors following the annual meeting of the Shareholders may be held
without notice immediately after and at the same place as the annual meeting of the Shareholders or
the special meeting held in lieu thereof. If in any year a meeting of the Board of Directors is
not held at such time and place, any action to be taken may be taken at any later meeting of the
Board of Directors with the same force and effect as if held or transacted at such meeting.
Section 4.5 Special Meetings.
Special meetings of the Directors may be held at any time and at any place designated in the
call of the meeting (which may be oral or in writing), when called by the President or the
Treasurer or by one or more Directors, reasonable notice thereof being given to each Director by
the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, or by the officer or one of the Directors calling the
meeting.
Section 4.6 Notice.
Notice of the time, date and place of all special meetings of the Board of Directors shall be
given to each Director by the Secretary or Assistant Secretary, or in case of the death, absence,
incapacity or refusal of such persons, by the officer or one of the Directors calling the meeting.
Notice shall be given to each Director in person or by telephone, voice mail, telegraph, teletype
or other electronic means or by facsimile sent to his business or home
address, at least
24 hours in advance of the meeting, or by written notice mailed to his or her business or home
address at least 48 hours in advance of the meeting. Written notice, other than notice by
electronic, telephone or similar means, is effective upon deposit in the United States mail,
postage prepaid, and addressed to the Directors address shown in the Corporations records.
Notice need not be given to any Director who waives notice. A Director may waive any notice before
or after the date and time of the meeting. The waiver shall be in writing, signed by the Director
entitled to the notice, or in the form of an electronic transmission by the Director to the
Corporation, and filed with the minutes or corporate records. A Directors attendance at or
participation in a meeting waives any required notice to him or her of the meeting unless the
Director at the beginning of the meeting, or promptly upon his or her arrival, objects to holding
the meeting or transacting business at the meeting and does not thereafter vote for or assent to
action taken at the meeting.
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Section 4.7 Quorum, Action at a Meeting.
At any meeting of the Directors, a quorum for any election or for the consideration of any
question shall consist of a majority of the Directors then in office, but a smaller number may
constitute a quorum pursuant to Section 8.53 or Section 8.55 of the MBCA in making a determination
that indemnification or advancement of expenses is permissible in a specific proceeding. Whether
or not a quorum is present any meeting may be adjourned from time to time by a majority of the
votes properly cast upon the question, and the meeting may be held as adjourned without further
notice. When a quorum is present at any meeting, the votes of a majority of the Directors present
shall be requisite and sufficient for appointment to any office and shall decide any question
brought before such meeting, except in any case where a larger vote is required by law, by the
Articles of Organization or by these Bylaws.
Section 4.8 Action by Consent.
Unless the Articles of Organization otherwise provide, any action required or permitted to be
taken by the Directors at any meeting of the Board of Directors may be taken without a meeting if
the action is taken by the unanimous consent of the members of the Board of Directors. The action
must be evidenced by one or more consents describing the action taken, in writing, signed by each
Director, or delivered to the Corporation by electronic transmission to the address specified by
the Corporation for the purpose or, if no address has been specified, to the principal office of
the Corporation, addressed to the Secretary or other officer or agent having custody of the records
of proceedings of Directors, and included in the minutes or filed with the corporate records
reflecting the action taken. Action taken under this Section is effective when the last Director
signs or delivers the consent, unless the consent specifies a different effective date. A consent
signed or delivered under this Section has the effect of a meeting vote and may be described as
such in any document.
Section 4.9 Committees.
The Board of Directors, by resolution of a majority of the Directors then in office, may elect
from its number an Executive Committee or other committees, composed of such number of its members
as it may from time to time determine (but in any event not less than two), and may delegate
thereto some or all of its powers except those which by law, by the Articles of
Organization, or by these Bylaws may not be delegated. Except as the Board of Directors may
otherwise determine, any such committee may make rules for the conduct of its business, but unless
otherwise provided by the Board of Directors or in such rules, its business shall be conducted so
far as possible in the same manner as is provided by these Bylaws for the Board of Directors. All
members of such committees shall hold such offices at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. The
Board of Directors may abolish any such committee at any time. Any committee to which the Board of
Directors delegates any of its powers or duties shall keep records of its meetings and shall upon
request report its action to the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors shall have power to
rescind any action of any committee, but no such rescission shall have retroactive effect.
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Section 4.10 Meetings Held With Communications Equipment.
The Board of Directors or any committee thereof may participate in a meeting of such Board of
Directors or committee thereof by means of a conference telephone (or similar communications
equipment) call, by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other at
the same time, and participation by such means shall constitute presence in person at a meeting.
ARTICLE V OFFICERS AND AGENTS
Section 5.1 Enumeration: Qualification.
The officers of the Corporation shall be a President, a Treasurer, a Secretary, and such other
officers, if any, as the incorporators at their initial meeting, or the Directors from time to
time, may in their discretion appoint. The Corporation may also have such agents, if any, as the
incorporators at their initial meeting, or the Directors from time to time, may in their discretion
appoint. None of the officers of the Corporation need be a resident of Massachusetts; provided,
however, that the Secretary shall be a resident of Massachusetts unless the Corporation has a
resident agent appointed for the purpose of service of process. Any two or more offices may be
held by the same person. Any officer may be required by the Directors to give bond for the
faithful performance of his duties to the Corporation in such amount and with such sureties as the
Directors may determine. The premiums for such bonds may be paid by the Corporation.
Section 5.2 Appointment.
The President, the Treasurer and the Secretary shall be appointed annually by the Directors at
their first meeting following the annual meeting of the Shareholders or special meeting in lieu
thereof. Other officers, if any, may be appointed by the Board of Directors at said meeting or at
any other time. Any such officer that is appointed by the Board of Directors shall be a Board
appointed officer. A Board appointed officer may appoint one or more officers or assistant
officers if authorized by the Board of Directors. Each officer has the authority and shall perform
the duties set forth in these Bylaws, the duties prescribed by the Board of Directors or by
direction of an officer authorized by the Board of Directors to prescribe the duties of other
officers. Subject to law, to the Articles of Organization, and to the other provisions of these
Bylaws, each officer of the Corporation shall have in addition to the duties and powers
specifically set forth in these Bylaws, such duties and powers as are customarily
incident to his office, and such duties and powers as may be designated from time to time by
the
Board of Directors or by direction of an officer authorized by the Board of Directors to
prescribe the duties of such other officer.
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Section 5.3 Powers and Duties.
Subject to law, to the Articles of Organization and to the other provisions of these Bylaws,
each officer shall have, in addition to the duties and powers herein set forth, such duties and
powers as are commonly incident to his office and such duties and powers as the Directors may from
time to time designate.
Section 5.4 Tenure.
Except as otherwise provided by law, by the Articles of Organization or by these Bylaws, the
President, the Treasurer and the Secretary shall hold office until the first meeting of the
Directors following the next annual meeting of the Shareholders or special meeting in lieu thereof
and until their respective successors are appointed and qualified, and each other officer shall
hold office until the first meeting of the Directors following the next annual meeting of the
Shareholders and until their respective successors are appointed and qualified, unless a different
period shall have been specified by the terms of his election or appointment, or in each case until
he sooner dies, resigns, is removed, or becomes disqualified. Each agent shall retain his
authority at the pleasure of the Directors.
Section 5.5 President and Vice President.
The President shall, subject to the direction of the Board of Directors, have general
supervision and control of its business. Unless otherwise provided by the Board of Directors, he
shall preside, when present, at all meetings of Shareholders and of the Board of Directors.
Any Vice President shall have such powers and shall perform such duties as the Board of
Directors may from time to time designate.
Section 5.6 Treasurer and Assistant Treasurer.
The Treasurer shall, subject to the direction of the Board of Directors, have general charge
of the financial affairs of the Corporation and shall cause to be kept accurate books of account.
He shall have custody of all funds, securities and valuable documents of the Corporation, except as
the Board of Directors may otherwise provide.
Any Assistant Treasurer shall have such powers and perform such duties as the Board of
Directors may from time to time designate.
Section 5.7 Secretary and Assistant Secretaries.
The Secretary shall keep a record of the meetings of Shareholders and of the Board of
Directors. In the absence of the Secretary from any meeting of Shareholders or the Board of
Directors, an Assistant Secretary if one be elected, otherwise a Temporary Secretary designated by
the person presiding at the meeting, shall perform the duties of the Secretary.
15
Section 5.8 Vacancies.
Any vacancy in any office may be filled for the unexpired portion of the term by the Board of
Directors. The Board of Directors shall appoint a successor if the office of President, Treasurer
or Secretary becomes vacant and may appoint a successor if any other office becomes vacant.
ARTICLE VI RESIGNATIONS AND REMOVALS
Section 6.1 Resignations.
Any Director or officer may resign at any time by delivering his resignation in writing to the
President or the Secretary or to a meeting of the Directors. Such resignation shall take effect at
such time as is specified therein, or if no such time is so specified then upon delivery thereof.
Section 6.2 Removals.
(a) Subject to the rights of the holders of any series of Preferred Stock then outstanding,
any Director, or the entire Board of Directors, may be removed from office at any time, but only
either (a) for cause by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least eighty percent (80%) of the
voting power of all of the shares of the Corporation entitled to vote generally in the election of
Directors, voting together as a single class, or (b) by the affirmative vote of at least
three-fourths (3/4) of the Directors then serving, with or without the assignment of cause. A
Director may be removed for cause only after a reasonable notice and opportunity to be heard before
the body proposing to remove him. As used in this Section 6.2, cause shall mean only (i)
conviction of a felony, (ii) declaration of unsound mind by order of court, (iii) gross dereliction
of duty, (iv) commission of an action involving moral turpitude, or (v) commission of an action
which constitutes intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law if such action in either
event results both in an improper substantial personal benefit and a material injury to the
Corporation.
(b) The Directors may remove any officer from office with or without assignment of cause by
vote of a majority of the Directors then in office. If cause is assigned for removal of any
officer, such officer may be removed only after a reasonable notice and opportunity to be heard
before the body proposing to remove him. The Directors may terminate or modify the authority of
any agent or employee.
(c) Except as the Directors may otherwise determine, no Director or officer who resigns or is
removed shall have any right to any compensation as such Director or officer for any period
following his resignation or removal, or any right to damages on account of such removal whether
his compensation be by the month or by the year or otherwise; provided, however, that the foregoing
provision shall not prevent such Director or officer from obtaining damages from breach of any
contract of employment legally binding upon the Corporation.
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ARTICLE VII INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OTHERS
Section 7.1 Right to Indemnification.
Each person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is otherwise
involved in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative, investigative
or otherwise (hereinafter a Proceeding), by reason of the fact that he or she is or was (a) a
Director of the Corporation, (b) an officer of the Corporation elected or appointed by the
Shareholders or the Board of Directors, or (c) serving, at the request of the Corporation as
evidenced by a resolution of the Board of Directors prior to the occurrence of the event to which
the indemnification relates, as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation or of
a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service with respect to an
employee benefit plan (such persons described in (a), (b) and (c) are sometimes hereinafter
referred to as an Indemnitee), whether the basis of such Proceeding is alleged action in an
official capacity as such a Director or officer of the Corporation or as such other director,
officer, employee or agent or in any other capacity while serving as such a Director or officer of
the Corporation or as such other director, officer, employee or agent, shall be indemnified and
held harmless by the Corporation to the fullest extent authorized by the MBCA, as the same exists
or may hereafter be amended (but in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such
amendment permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than permitted prior
thereto), against all expense, liability and loss (including, but not limited to, attorneys fees,
judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes or penalties and amounts paid in settlement) reasonably
incurred or suffered by such Indemnitee in connection therewith and such indemnification shall
continue as to an Indemnitee who has ceased to be such a director, officer, employee or agent and
shall inure to the benefit of the Indemnitees heirs, executors and administrators; provided,
however, that, except as provided in Section 7.3 with respect to Proceedings to enforce rights to
indemnification, the Corporation shall indemnify any such Indemnitee in connection with a
Proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such Indemnitee only if such Proceeding (or part thereof)
was authorized or ratified by the Board of Directors of the Corporation. The right to
indemnification conferred in this Article VII shall be a contract right and shall include the right
to be paid by the Corporation the expenses incurred in defending any Proceeding in advance of its
final disposition (hereinafter an Advancement of Expenses); provided, however, that, if the MBCA
so requires, an Advancement of Expenses incurred by an Indemnitee shall be made only upon delivery
to the Corporation of an undertaking made in accordance with the MBCA (hereinafter an
Undertaking), by or on behalf of such Indemnitee, which shall include, without limitation, an
undertaking to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined by final judicial
decision from which there is no further right to appeal (hereinafter a Final Adjudication) that
such Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified for such expenses under this Article VII or
otherwise.
Section 7.2 Indemnification of Employees and Agents of the Corporation.
The Corporation may, to the extent authorized from time to time by the Board of Directors,
grant rights to indemnification, and to an Advancement of Expenses, to any employee or agent of the
Corporation to the fullest extent of the provisions of this Article VII.
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Section 7.3 Right of Indemnitee to Bring Suit.
If a claim under this Article VII is not paid in full by the Corporation within 60 days after
a written claim has been received by the Corporation, except in the case of a claim for an
Advancement of Expenses, in which case the applicable period shall be 20 days, the Indemnitee may
at any time hereafter bring suit against the Corporation to recover the unpaid amount of the claim.
If the Indemnitee is successful in whole or in part in any such suit, or in a suit brought by the
Corporation to recover an Advancement of Expenses pursuant to the terms of an Undertaking, the
Indemnitee shall also be entitled to be paid the expense of prosecuting or defending such suit. In
any suit brought by the Indemnitee to enforce a right to indemnification hereunder (but not in a
suit brought by the Indemnitee to enforce a right to an Advancement of Expenses) it shall be a
defense that the Indemnitee has not met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the MBCA.
In addition, in any suit by the Corporation to recover an Advancement of Expenses pursuant to the
terms of an Undertaking, the Corporation shall be entitled to recover such expenses upon a Final
Adjudication that the Indemnitee has not met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in the
MBCA. Neither the failure of the Corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal
counsel, or Shareholders) to have made a determination prior to the commencement of such suit that
indemnification of the Indemnitee is proper in the circumstances because the Indemnitee has met the
applicable standard of conduct set forth in the MBCA, nor an actual determination by the
Corporation (including its Board of Directors, independent legal counsel or Shareholders) that the
Indemnitee has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall create a presumption that the
Indemnitee has not met the applicable standard of conduct or, in the case of such a suit brought by
the Indemnitee, be a defense to such suit. In any suit brought by the Indemnitee to enforce a
right to indemnification or to an Advancement of Expenses hereunder, or by the Corporation to
recover an Advancement of Expenses pursuant to the terms of an Undertaking, the burden of proving
that the Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified, or to such Advancement of Expenses, under
this Article VII or otherwise shall be on the Corporation.
Section 7.4 Non-Exclusivity of Rights.
The rights to indemnification and to Advancement of Expenses conferred in this Article VII
shall not be exclusive of any other right which any person may have or hereafter acquire under
these Bylaws, the Articles of Organization or any statute, agreement, vote of Shareholders or of
disinterested Directors or otherwise.
Section 7.5 Insurance.
The Corporation may maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself and any Director,
officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or any director, officer, employee or agent of
another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any expense,
liability or loss, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person
against such expense, liability or loss under the MBCA. The Corporations obligation to provide
indemnification under this Article VII shall be offset to the extent of any other source of
indemnification or any otherwise applicable insurance coverage under a policy maintained by the
Corporation or any other person.
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Section 7.6 Amendments.
Without the consent of a person entitled to the indemnification and other rights provided in
this Article VII (unless otherwise required by the MBCA), no amendment modifying or terminating
such rights shall adversely affect such persons rights under this Article VII with respect to the
period prior to such amendment.
Section 7.7 Savings Clause.
If this Article VII or any portion hereof shall be invalidated on any ground by any court of
competent jurisdiction, then the Corporation shall nevertheless indemnify each Indemnitee as to any
liabilities and expenses with respect to any proceeding to the fullest extent permitted by any
applicable portion of this Article VII that shall not have been invalidated and to the fullest
extent permitted by applicable law.
ARTICLE VIII CAPITAL STOCK
Section 8.1 Issue of Authorized Unissued Capital Stock; Consideration.
The Board of Directors may issue the number of shares of each class or series of stock
authorized by the Articles of Organization. The Board of Directors may authorize shares to be
issued for any valid consideration. Before the Corporation issues shares, the Board of Directors
shall determine that the consideration received or to be received for shares to be issued is
adequate. That determination by the Board of Directors is conclusive insofar as the adequacy of
consideration for the issuance of shares relates to whether the shares are validly issued, fully
paid, and nonassessable. The Board of Directors shall determine the terms upon which the rights,
options, or warrants for the purchase of shares or other securities of the Corporation are issued
by the Corporation and the terms, including the consideration, for which the shares or other
securities are to be issued.
Section 8.2 Share Certificates.
If shares are represented by certificates, at a minimum each share certificate shall state on
its face: (a) the name of the Corporation and that it is organized under the laws of The
Commonwealth of Massachusetts; (b) the name of the person to whom issued; and (c) the number and
class of shares and the designation of the series, if any, the certificate represents. If
different classes of shares or different series within a class are authorized, then the variations
in rights, preferences and limitations applicable to each class and series, and the authority of
the Board of Directors to determine variations for any future class or series, must be summarized
on the front or back of each certificate. Alternatively, each certificate may state conspicuously
on its front or back that the Corporation will furnish the Shareholder this information on request
in writing and without charge. Each share certificate shall be signed, either manually or in
facsimile, by the President or a Vice President and by the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer, or
any two officers designated by the Board of Directors, and shall bear the corporate seal or its
facsimile. If the person who signed, either manually or in facsimile, a share certificate no
longer holds office when the certificate is issued, the certificate shall be nevertheless valid.
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Section 8.3 Uncertificated Shares.
The Board of Directors may authorize the issuance of some or all of the shares of any or all
of the Corporations classes or series without certificates. The authorization shall not affect
shares already represented by certificates until they are surrendered to the Corporation. Within a
reasonable time after the issue or transfer of shares without certificates, the Corporation shall
send the Shareholder a written statement of the information required by the MBCA to be on
certificates.
Section 8.4 Record and Beneficial Owners.
Except as may be otherwise required by law, by the Articles of Organization or by these
Bylaws, the Corporation shall be entitled to treat the record holder of stock as shown in the
records of the Corporation (or, if the Board of Directors has established a procedure by which the
beneficial owner of shares that are registered in the name of a nominee will be recognized by the
Corporation as a Shareholder, the beneficial owner of shares to the extent provided in such
procedure) as the owner of such stock for all purposes, including the payment of dividends and the
right to receive notice and to vote with respect thereto, regardless of any transfer, pledge or
other disposition of such stock until the shares have been transferred on the books of the
Corporation in accordance with the requirements of these Bylaws.
Each Shareholder shall have the duty to notify the corporation of such Shareholders post
office address.
Section 8.5 Lost or Destroyed Certificates.
The Board of Directors of the Corporation may, subject to Massachusetts General Laws, Chapter
106, Section 8-405 (or any successor provision), determine the conditions upon which a new share
certificate may be issued in place of any certificate alleged to have been lost, destroyed, or
wrongfully taken. The Board of Directors may, in its discretion, require the owner of such share
certificate, or his or her legal representative, to give a bond, sufficient in its opinion, with or
without surety, to indemnify the Corporation against any loss or claim which may arise by reason of
the issue of the new certificate.
Section 8.6 Transfers.
Subject to any restrictions on transfer, if any, stated or noted on the stock certificates,
shares of stock may be transferred on the books of the Corporation by the surrender to the
Corporation or its transfer agent of the certificate therefor properly endorsed or accompanied by a
written assignment and power of attorney properly executed, with transfer stamps (if necessary)
affixed, and with such proof of the authenticity of signature as the Corporation or its transfer
agent may reasonably require.
Section 8.7 Record Date.
The Board of Directors may fix in advance a time, which, in the case of any meeting of
Shareholders, shall be not more than 70 days before the date of such meeting, as the record date
for determining the Shareholders having the right to notice of and to vote at such meeting and
any adjournment thereof or the right to receive a dividend or distribution, and in such case
only Shareholders of record on such record date shall have such right, notwithstanding any transfer
of stock on the books of the Corporation after the record date. If a record date for a specific
action is not fixed by the Board of Directors, and is not supplied by the section of the MBCA
dealing with that action, the record date shall be the close of business either on the day before
the first notice is sent to Shareholders, or, if no notice is sent, on the day before the meeting.
If the Board of Directors does not fix the record date for determining Shareholders entitled to a
distribution, other than one involving a purchase, redemption or other acquisition of the
Corporations shares, the record date shall be the date the Board of Directors authorizes the
distribution. A determination of Shareholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of
Shareholders is effective for any adjournment of the meeting unless the Board of Directors fixes a
new record date, which it shall do if the meeting is adjourned to a date more than 120 days after
the date fixed for the original meeting.
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ARTICLE IX MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
Section 9.1 Execution of Papers.
All deeds, leases, transfers, contracts, bonds, notes, releases, checks, drafts and other
obligations authorized to be executed on behalf of the Corporation shall be signed by the President
or the Treasurer except as the Directors may generally or in particular cases otherwise determine.
Section 9.2 Voting of Securities.
Except as the Directors may generally or in particular cases otherwise specify, the President
or the Treasurer may on behalf of the Corporation vote or take any other action with respect to
shares of stock or beneficial interest of any other corporation, or of any association, trust or
firm, of which any securities are held by this Corporation, and may appoint any person or persons
to act as proxy or attorney-in-fact for the Corporation, with or without power of substitution, at
any meeting thereof.
Section 9.3 Corporate Seal.
The seal of the Corporation shall be a circular die with the name of the Corporation, the word
Massachusetts and the year of its incorporation cut or engraved thereon, or shall be in such
other form as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine.
Section 9.4 Corporate Records.
The original, or attested copies, of the Articles of Organization, Bylaws and records of all
meetings of the incorporators and Shareholders, and the stock and transfer records, which shall
contain the names of all Shareholders and the record address and the amount of stock held by each,
shall be kept in Massachusetts at the principal office of the Corporation, or at an office of its
transfer agent or of its Secretary or of its Resident Agent. Said copies and records need not all
be kept in the same office.
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Section 9.5 Evidence of Authority.
A certificate by the Secretary or an Assistant or temporary Secretary as to any matter
relative to the Articles of Organization, Bylaws, records of the proceedings of the incorporators,
Shareholders, Board of Directors, or any committee of the Board of Directors, or stock and transfer
records or as to any action taken by any person or persons as an officer or agent of the
Corporation, shall as to all persons who rely thereon in good faith be conclusive evidence of the
matters so certified.
Section 9.6 Right to Repurchase.
Except as otherwise provided by law, the Articles of Organization or by these Bylaws
(including any amendments thereto), the Corporation, through its Board of Directors, shall have the
right and power to repurchase any of its outstanding shares at such price and upon such terms as
may be agreed upon between the Corporation and the selling Shareholder(s), or the predecessor(s) in
interest thereof.
Section 9.7 Dividends.
Unless otherwise required by the MBCA or the Articles of Organization, the Board of Directors
may declare and pay dividends upon the shares of capital stock of the Corporation, which dividends
may be paid either in cash, securities of the Corporation or other property.
Section 9.8 Ratification.
Any action taken on behalf of the Corporation by the Directors or any officer or
representative of the Corporation which requires authorization by the Shareholders or the Directors
of the Corporation shall be deemed to have been authorized if subsequently ratified by the
Shareholders entitled to vote or by the Directors, as the case may be, at a meeting held in
accordance with these Bylaws.
Section 9.9 Reliance upon Books, Records and Reports.
Each Director or officer of the Corporation shall be entitled to rely on information,
opinions, reports or records, including financial statements, books of account and other financial
records, in each case presented by or prepared by or under the supervision of (i) one or more
officers or employees of the Corporation whom the Director or officer reasonably believes to be
reliable and competent in the matters presented, or (ii) counsel, public accountants or other
persons as to matters which the Director or officer reasonably believes to be within such persons
professional or expert competence, or (iii) in the case of a Director, a duly constituted committee
of the Board of Directors upon which he does not serve, as to matters within its delegated
authority, which committee the Director reasonably believes to merit confidence, but he shall not
be considered to be acting in good faith if he has knowledge concerning the matter in question that
would cause such reliance to be unwarranted. The fact that a Director or officer so performed his
duties shall be a complete defense to any claim asserted against him by reason of his being or
having been a Director or officer of the Corporation, except as expressly provided by statute.
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Section 9.10 Articles of Organization.
All references in these Bylaws to the Articles of Organization shall be deemed to refer to the
Amended and Restated Articles of Organization of the Corporation, as amended and in effect from
time to time.
Section 9.11 Control Share Acquisition.
Until such time as this section shall be repealed or these Bylaws shall be amended to provide
otherwise, including, without limitation, during any time that the Corporation shall be an issuing
public Corporation as defined in Chapter 110D of the Massachusetts General Laws, the provisions of
Chapter 110D of the Massachusetts General Laws shall not apply to control share acquisitions of
the Corporation within the meaning of said Chapter 110D.
ARTICLE X AMENDMENTS
Except as otherwise provided in the Articles of Organization, these Bylaws may be amended or
repealed in whole or in part by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the shares of
each class of the capital stock at the time outstanding and entitled to vote at any annual or
special meeting of Shareholders, provided that notice of the substance of the proposed amendment is
stated in the notice of such meeting. If authorized by the Articles of Organization, the Directors
may make, amend or repeal the Bylaws, in whole or in part, except with respect to any provision
thereof which by law, the Articles of Organization or the Bylaws requires action by the
Shareholders. Not later than the time of giving notice of the meeting of Shareholders next
following the making, amending or repealing by the Directors of any Bylaw, notice thereof stating
the substance of such change shall be given to all Shareholders entitled to vote on amending the
Bylaws. Notwithstanding the foregoing and anything contained in these Bylaws to the contrary,
Section 6.2(a) of these Bylaws may not be altered, amended or repealed, in whole or in part, by the
Board of Directors unless approved by the affirmative vote of at least three-fourths (3/4) of the
Directors then serving and this sentence of this Article X may not be altered, amended or repealed,
in whole or in part, and no provision inconsistent therewith shall be adopted, by the Board of
Directors unless approved by the affirmative vote of three-fourths (3/4) of the Directors then
serving.
Any Bylaw adopted, amended or repealed by the Directors may be repealed, amended or reinstated
by the Shareholders entitled to vote on amending the Bylaws.
Adopted September 16, 2008 and effective as of September 16, 2008.
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